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Contact with people, both familiar (e.g., caretakers) and unfamiliar (e.g., members of the public), is a significant part of the lives of nonhuman animals in zoos. The available empirical evidence shows that in many cases this con...
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Contact with people, both familiar (e.g., caretakers) and unfamiliar (e.g., members of the public), is a significant part of the lives of nonhuman animals in zoos. The available empirical evidence shows that in many cases this contact represents a source of stress to the animals, although there is sufficient overall ambiguity in these studies to suggest that the effect of people on the animals is much more complex than this. A possible way to try to understand human-animal relationships in the zoo is to ask how the animals might perceive the humans with whom they have contact, and here this question is explored further, using a framework first published by Hediger as a starting point. Hediger suggested that zoo animals might perceive people as an enemy, as part of the inanimate environment, or as a member of the same species. He supported these categories with anecdotal evidence, which was all that was available at the time, but more empirical evidence is available now, so it is appropriate to revisit these categories. The evidence suggests that animals discriminate both conspecific and heterospecific others, rather than just viewing familiar people as members of their own species, and that additional categories (stimulating part of the environment and friendship) may be warranted. These categories are then placed in a general model that suggests how relationships of different qualities, and hence different perceptions of each other, might develop between animals and the people they are in contact with in zoos.Digital Object Identifier http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2013.827916
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By investigating the nature of the social interactions between "sledge dogs" and explorers in the first land-based exploration in Antarctica, this research contributes to an animal-human perspective in Antarctic historical studies...
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By investigating the nature of the social interactions between "sledge dogs" and explorers in the first land-based exploration in Antarctica, this research contributes to an animal-human perspective in Antarctic historical studies. Consideration of the interspecies interactions provide further insight into attitudes to nonhuman animal welfare, including towards wildlife, at the turn of the twentieth century. The companionship of favored animals appeared to have alleviated some of the stresses of isolation and confinement in the inhospitable Antarctic environment.
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Arguably, grounding animal ethics in traditional moral theories such as utilitarianism or rights-based ethics is impoverished since they emphasise impartiality and abstractness in out, ethical deliberations at the expense of givin...
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Arguably, grounding animal ethics in traditional moral theories such as utilitarianism or rights-based ethics is impoverished since they emphasise impartiality and abstractness in out, ethical deliberations at the expense of giving proper weight to special relationships we have with other individuals. Here, I explore the human-animal bond as a starting point,for animal ethics, and focus on the resulting moral implications of this bond on farm animal welfare. The human-animal bond revisits values inherent in the nature of animal husbandry and is also influenced by philosophical ethics of caring. Farmers or stockpersons who form close bonds with their animals make an implicit promise to discharge duties to their animal companions above and beyond respectful treatment as sentient beings. Scientific study suggests that interpersonal human-animal relationships may translate to better care and consideration for farmed animals, promoting both better animal welfare and on-farm productivity. Acknowledging the existence of human-animal bonds on the farm and encouraging farmers and animal handlers not to shy away from forming bonds with their animals is recommended Farmers, stockpersons, and contract-farmers for agribusinesses should be given an ethical voice to lodge grievances about how farmed animals are treated and he encouraged to participate in discussions on,farming practices and animal welfare standards. They, should also be educated on gains made through scientific enquiry regarding the capacities and needs of animals as well as on welfare advances.
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There is no systematic research on the rites and rituals associated with companion animal death in modern Australian society. Three cremation service providers were interviewed and asked to consider which caretakers have their com...
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There is no systematic research on the rites and rituals associated with companion animal death in modern Australian society. Three cremation service providers were interviewed and asked to consider which caretakers have their companion animals cremated. Seven people who had recently had a companion animal cremated were then asked about their views on the process. Five interrelated themes emerged from the two data sets about who uses cremation services for companion animals: "Everyone uses companionanimal cremation services"; "People who consider the companion animal as a family member, as a child"; "People who want memorials for their companion animals"; "Grieving people"; and "People who seek compassion and social support." With scant recognitionof the impact of companion animal death and the role of rites and rituals in facilitating the grieving process, further research in the area is needed, including into attachment as a possible mediator.
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Social relationships are based on our ability to put ourselves in the place of others, and from there to react appropriately and logically. This empathic ability can be extended to other species, based on the human ability to deve...
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Social relationships are based on our ability to put ourselves in the place of others, and from there to react appropriately and logically. This empathic ability can be extended to other species, based on the human ability to develop techniques to understand and communicate with animals. In education, the benefits of training professionals with ethical and empathic tools are known. Gender, diet, past experiences, and other factors can modify a person's levels of empathy toward humans and animals, and a relationship exists between both types of empathy. The aims of this study were to investigate some determinants of the level of empathy and to gain insight into the possible correlation between human-animal and human-human empathy. For this, the Animal Empathy Scale and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index by Davis were applied through an electronic survey system to freshmen and final-year students (n = 452) from five schools of veterinary medicine in Chile. The correlation between the empathy scores of both instruments and their association with individual factors were studied using Spearman's correlation, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results suggest that both instruments correlate significantly, and that gender, year of study, diet, and area of interest have a significant association with the score for empathy toward animals. This research shows that individual characteristics and changes that occur during veterinary training can affect students' attitudes toward animals.
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The discovery of faeces and urine in the home is a common annoyance for owners of cats and dogs and is often perceived, incorrectly, as an inevitable part of pet ownership. Lack of early intervention can lead to long-term house so...
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The discovery of faeces and urine in the home is a common annoyance for owners of cats and dogs and is often perceived, incorrectly, as an inevitable part of pet ownership. Lack of early intervention can lead to long-term house soiling; this can be exasperating and put strain on the human-animal bond, as well as requiring the investment of time and money in cleaning, repairing and sometimes even replacing soiled possessions. In extreme cases, house soiling can lead to a breakdown in the relationshipto such a degree that the owner may relinquish their pet or have the animal euthanased. An understanding of the factors influencing house soiling issues, and the concomitant design of management programmes for individual cases, is pivotal for owners to maintain a good relationship with their animal. This article identifies the main types of house soiling issues and examines the factors influencing these; part 2 will provide waysmanaging house soiling issues.
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With increasing scientific and clinical attention being paid to the formation, nature and consequences of human-companion animal relationships, there is a need to develop scales with which to assess such relationships in a rigorou...
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With increasing scientific and clinical attention being paid to the formation, nature and consequences of human-companion animal relationships, there is a need to develop scales with which to assess such relationships in a rigorous, empirically validmanner. Accordingly, the aim in this study was to develop a psychometricatty sound, multi-dimensional questionnaire with which to assess human-companion dog relationships. A multi-step process involving over 1,000 participants resulted in the developmentof a scale with 28 items, the Monash Dog Owner Relationship Scale or MDORS. The MDORS has three sub-scales, Dog-Owner Interaction, Perceived Emotional Closeness, and Perceived Costs, that appear to be relatively stable and interpretable across participant groups and that appear to represent important and diverse aspects of the human-companion dog relationship. It is envisaged that the future use of this scale will allow researchers to significantly increase our understanding of human-companion dog relationships by permitting direct comparisons across participant groups drawn from different demographic or cultural contexts. It may also permit clinicians to analyze relationships between dog owners and their dogs in more detail and depth than is possibleusing existing scales.
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Few studies have examined how personality traits may be related to the amounts and types of attachments humans have toward companion animals (pets). In this study, 1,098 companion animal guardians (owners) completed a survey that ...
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Few studies have examined how personality traits may be related to the amounts and types of attachments humans have toward companion animals (pets). In this study, 1,098 companion animal guardians (owners) completed a survey that included the Big Five Inventory, the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale, and the Pet Attachment Questionnaire. Each participant chose whether he or she identified as a Cat Person, Dog Person, Both, or Neither. Results indicated that neuroticism, conscientiousness, choosing a dog as a favorite pet, and identifying as a Cat Person, Dog Person, or Both predicted affection for a pet. Conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness decreased avoidant attachment to pets, and neuroticism increased anxious attachment to pets. Both dogs and cats could benefit from pet owners who are conscientious, and there may be some benefits of neuroticism in pet owners. The findings of this study will advance understanding of the human-animal bond. As this understanding increases, measurements of human attachment and personality may be useful for the development of tools that could assist shelter employees and veterinarians in counseling people about pet ownership.
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Online pet obituary sites host hundreds of obituaries regarding the passing of companion animals. Often composed by the owner or primary caretaker of the animal, they are a potential source of data about human-animal bonds where t...
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Online pet obituary sites host hundreds of obituaries regarding the passing of companion animals. Often composed by the owner or primary caretaker of the animal, they are a potential source of data about human-animal bonds where there were strong positive human emotions surrounding the animal at point of death. The aim of the present study was to characterize online pet obituaries and to evaluate their usefulness as a source of information on the human-animal bond. One hundred and thirty full obituaries of dogs were studied. Where the role of the writer could be identified, the majority of obituary writers identified themselves as a female parental figure to the dog (34.6%); however, obituaries were also written by male parental figures (7.7%) and children (5.4%). Most obituaries (60%) fell within the 100-400 words length range. Obituaries were seen to express several key concepts. For instance, dogs were described as "child-like," "part of the family," showing "sympathy" and/or "gratitude" to the owner, and having a "sense of humor." For their part, writers expressed "guilt" over the dog's death, discussed a concept of the "afterlife" and noted an "instant connection" between themselves and the dog. A high proportion of the obituaries discussed the afterlife (51%) and indicated that the dog was considered part of the family (49%). There were some significant associations between concept usage within obituaries. Dogs that were described as "child-like" were more often perceived to be in an "afterlife" and to have had an "instant connection" with obituary writers (chi(2) = 38.08, p < 0.001). We conclude that online pet obituaries can be a valuable source of information on human feelings surrounding a companion animal death.
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Terminology used in the discourse of industrialized livestock production has led some to characterize human-animal relationships within the animal industries as exploitive and oppressive; because the human-animal bond promotes con...
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Terminology used in the discourse of industrialized livestock production has led some to characterize human-animal relationships within the animal industries as exploitive and oppressive; because the human-animal bond promotes concern for animal welfare, the apparent exclusion of that term from animal science and industry dialogue may reinforce negative perceptions and heighten concerns about livestock well-being. Although the term "human-animal bond" is not typically used in production animal agriculture, the importance of the quality of human-animal interactions on the behavior and physiology of farm animals has been well established along with its implications for animal productivity and economic returns. The close connections many people have with companion animals appear to provide a basis for concerns about animal welfare that may influence the purchasing and voting behavior of consumers relative to food animal products and issues. Those involved in production animal agriculture should consider whether their interactions with and language choices related to livestock disconnect them from some audiences and undermine perceived commitment to animal welfare by reflecting a construction of animals that is inconsistent with conceptions of them asmembers of mutually beneficial relationships to whom care and compassion are owed.
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